Modern methods of water decontamination
Traditional methods of water decontamination (chlorination, ozonation, ultraviolet processing (UV) and chlorine dioxide) have positive and negative aspects. In the following table is given comparative characteristics of modern methods of water decontamination.
| Method (type of reagent) | Availability of monitoring process | Availability of decontamination effect after action | Essential efficiency against befouling of water mains | Biocidal effect | Using safety | Toxic substances, needed for decontamination | Essential formation BDPs (bromine containing with bromine) |
| Chlorine (gas or liquid chlorine) | + | 3 | - | 2 | - | chlorine | + (+) |
| Sodium hypochlorite | + | 3 | - | 2 | -+ | - hydrochloric acid solution - storage of reagent - the reagent |
+ (+) |
| Chlorine dioxide | + | 4 | + | 3 | - | hydrochloric acid solution | -(+) |
| Chloramines (chloric and ammonia water) | + | 4 | - | 1 | - | chlorine | -(+) |
| Ozone | + | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | + (+) |
| UV | - | 1 | - | 3 | + | - | -(-) |
| "Aquachlorine" liquid solution oxidizing mixtures: chlorine - 95 %, ozone -3,0 %, oxygen -1,5 % | + | 4 | + | 3-4 | -+ | - hydrochloric acid solution - storage of reagent - the reagent |
-(-) |
| OXI-gas - mixture of oxidizing gasses: 70 % - chlorine, 30 % - chlorine dioxide, hydrogen dioxide and oxygen. | + | 4 | + | 4 | + | - | -(-) |
According to American and Russian scientists the most efficient methods of water decontamination today is oxidant gas (OXI) , which has more durable decontaminating effect and smaller contact time of oxidant with water, so that essentially reduce formation of carcinogenic trihalomethanes. This method provides possibility of decontamination process monitoring, high efficiency in various physical and chemical water states and reduction of water mains biofouling. Oxidant gas (OXI) also can be used for deironing, manganese and hydrogen sulphide. In addition, purification systems require less sulfur dioxide for reduction of residual chlorine, than at traditional chlorination.
Thus, the method of water decontamination by OXI-gas is completely deprived many lacks of traditional disinfection methods, in particular chlorination, at the same time it has all positive qualities that makes it worthy alternative in practice of the centralized, noncentralized drinking, service water supply and drainage system.